Control Structures in Python¶
Overview¶
Control structures determine the flow of execution in a Python program. They allow decisions, repetition, and branching logic.
Types of Control Structures¶
1. Conditional Statements¶
if Statement¶
Executes code if a condition is true.
Example:
x = 10
if x > 5:
print("x is greater than 5")
if-else Statement¶
Executes one block if true, another if false.
Example:
if x > 5:
print("Greater")
else:
print("Smaller or equal")
if-elif-else Statement¶
Checks multiple conditions in order.
Example:
if x > 10:
print("Greater than 10")
elif x == 10:
print("Equal to 10")
else:
print("Less than 10")
2. Looping Structures¶
for Loop¶
Iterates over a sequence (list, string, range).
Example:
for i in range(5):
print(i)
while Loop¶
Repeats as long as a condition is true.
Example:
count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1
3. Loop Control Statements¶
break¶
Exits the loop immediately.
Example:
for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)
continue¶
Skips the current iteration and continues.
Example:
for i in range(5):
if i == 2:
continue
print(i)
pass¶
Does nothing; acts as a placeholder.
Example:
for i in range(5):
if i == 3:
pass
print(i)
4. Nested Control Structures¶
Control structures can be placed inside others.
Example:
for i in range(3):
if i % 2 == 0:
print(i, "is even")
5. Exception Handling (Control Flow)¶
Handles runtime errors and controls program flow.
Example:
try:
x = int("abc")
except ValueError:
print("Conversion failed")
finally:
print("Done")
Summary¶
Conditional statements control decision-making.
Loops handle repetition.
Loop controls modify execution within loops.
Exception handling manages errors and flow control.