.. include:: global.rst

===============================
Control Structures in Python
===============================

Overview
========
Control structures determine the flow of execution in a Python program.
They allow decisions, repetition, and branching logic.

Types of Control Structures
===========================

1. Conditional Statements
-------------------------

if Statement
~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Executes code if a condition is true.

Example::
    
    x = 10
    if x > 5:
        print("x is greater than 5")

if-else Statement
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Executes one block if true, another if false.

Example::

    if x > 5:
        print("Greater")
    else:
        print("Smaller or equal")

if-elif-else Statement
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Checks multiple conditions in order.

Example::

    if x > 10:
        print("Greater than 10")
    elif x == 10:
        print("Equal to 10")
    else:
        print("Less than 10")

2. Looping Structures
---------------------

for Loop
~~~~~~~~
- Iterates over a sequence (list, string, range).

Example::

    for i in range(5):
        print(i)

while Loop
~~~~~~~~~~
- Repeats as long as a condition is true.

Example::

    count = 0
    while count < 5:
        print(count)
        count += 1

3. Loop Control Statements
--------------------------

break
~~~~~
- Exits the loop immediately.

Example::

    for i in range(10):
        if i == 5:
            break
        print(i)

continue
~~~~~~~~
- Skips the current iteration and continues.

Example::

    for i in range(5):
        if i == 2:
            continue
        print(i)

pass
~~~~
- Does nothing; acts as a placeholder.

Example::

    for i in range(5):
        if i == 3:
            pass
        print(i)

4. Nested Control Structures
----------------------------
- Control structures can be placed inside others.

Example::

    for i in range(3):
        if i % 2 == 0:
            print(i, "is even")

5. Exception Handling (Control Flow)
------------------------------------
- Handles runtime errors and controls program flow.

Example::

    try:
        x = int("abc")
    except ValueError:
        print("Conversion failed")
    finally:
        print("Done")

Summary
=======
- Conditional statements control decision-making.
- Loops handle repetition.
- Loop controls modify execution within loops.
- Exception handling manages errors and flow control.