Data¶
Paradigm |
Trunk |
Role |
Language |
DateStarted |
Genealogy |
Environment |
ActivityStatus |
CareerNote |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Machine Code |
Imperative |
Originator |
Machine Code |
1940 |
Hardware-native |
CPU-specific |
Active |
Hardware engineering |
Machine Code |
Imperative |
Titan |
Microcode |
1951 |
Hardware-native |
CPU-specific |
Active |
Processor design |
Machine Code |
Imperative |
Neonate |
RISC-V ASM |
2020 |
ISA-based |
Embedded/Linux |
Emerging |
Open hardware roles |
Assembly |
Imperative |
Originator |
Assembly |
1949 |
Machine abstraction |
Mainframes |
Active |
Systems programming |
Assembly |
Imperative |
Titan |
x86 Assembly |
1978 |
Intel ISA |
Windows/Linux |
Active |
Reverse engineering |
Assembly |
Imperative |
Neonate |
WebAssembly Text |
2017 |
VM-based |
Web/Cloud |
Emerging |
Web performance |
Procedural |
Imperative |
Originator |
FORTRAN |
1957 |
Scientific root |
All OS |
Active |
Scientific computing |
Procedural |
Imperative |
Titan |
C |
1972 |
C-family |
All OS |
Active |
Systems programming |
Procedural |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Mojo |
2023 |
Python/C hybrid |
AI hardware |
Emerging |
AI infrastructure |
Structured |
Imperative |
Originator |
ALGOL |
1958 |
Structured root |
Academic |
Inactive |
Historical CS |
Structured |
Imperative |
Titan |
Pascal |
1970 |
ALGOL-family |
Education OS |
Limited |
Teaching foundations |
Structured |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Odin |
2020 |
C-like |
Systems |
Emerging |
Game engines |
Object-Oriented |
Imperative |
Originator |
Smalltalk |
1972 |
OOP root |
VM-based |
Inactive |
CS theory |
Object-Oriented |
Imperative |
Titan |
Java |
1995 |
C-family/JVM |
All OS |
Active |
Enterprise systems |
Object-Oriented |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Kotlin Multiplatform |
2020 |
JVM-based |
Mobile/Web |
Active |
Mobile dev |
Component-Based |
Imperative |
Originator |
COM |
1993 |
Microsoft stack |
Windows |
Inactive |
Legacy enterprise |
Component-Based |
Imperative |
Titan |
.NET |
2002 |
C-family |
Windows/Linux |
Active |
Enterprise dev |
Component-Based |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Dapr |
2020 |
Cloud-native |
Containers |
Emerging |
Microservices |
Event-Driven |
Imperative |
Originator |
Visual Basic |
1991 |
BASIC-family |
Windows |
Inactive |
Legacy apps |
Event-Driven |
Imperative |
Titan |
JavaScript |
1995 |
ECMAScript |
Web |
Active |
Web development |
Event-Driven |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Bun |
2022 |
JS runtime |
Web/Server |
Emerging |
Backend JS |
Concurrent |
Imperative |
Originator |
Ada |
1980 |
Pascal-family |
Embedded |
Active |
Defense systems |
Concurrent |
Imperative |
Titan |
Go |
2009 |
C-family |
Cloud |
Active |
Cloud infrastructure |
Concurrent |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Redwood |
2021 |
Reactive systems |
Distributed |
Emerging |
Scalable systems |
Parallel |
Imperative |
Originator |
OpenMP |
1997 |
C/Fortran-based |
HPC |
Active |
Supercomputing |
Parallel |
Imperative |
Titan |
CUDA |
2007 |
NVIDIA stack |
GPU |
Active |
AI computing |
Parallel |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Mojo GPU |
2024 |
Mojo ecosystem |
AI accelerators |
Emerging |
AI performance |
Scripting |
Imperative |
Originator |
Perl |
1987 |
C-family |
Unix |
Active |
Sysadmin |
Scripting |
Imperative |
Titan |
Python |
1991 |
C-family |
All OS |
Active |
Data science |
Scripting |
Imperative |
Neonate |
Nushell |
2019 |
Rust-based |
CLI |
Emerging |
DevOps |
Functional |
Declarative |
Originator |
Lisp |
1958 |
Lisp-family |
All OS |
Active |
AI research |
Functional |
Declarative |
Titan |
Haskell |
1990 |
Functional root |
All OS |
Active |
Finance |
Functional |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Roc |
2021 |
Functional-native |
Backend |
Emerging |
Safe systems |
Pure Functional |
Declarative |
Originator |
Miranda |
1985 |
Functional |
Academic |
Inactive |
Historical |
Pure Functional |
Declarative |
Titan |
Haskell (Pure) |
1990 |
Functional |
All OS |
Active |
Formal systems |
Pure Functional |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Granule |
2020 |
Type-theory-based |
Research |
Emerging |
PL research |
Logic |
Declarative |
Originator |
Prolog |
1972 |
Logic-based |
All OS |
Active |
AI logic |
Logic |
Declarative |
Titan |
Datalog |
1980 |
Logic family |
Databases |
Active |
Query engines |
Logic |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Scallop |
2021 |
Logic+Rust |
Cloud |
Emerging |
Data reasoning |
Constraint |
Declarative |
Originator |
CLP |
1987 |
Logic-based |
Academic |
Limited |
Optimization |
Constraint |
Declarative |
Titan |
MiniZinc |
2008 |
Constraint DSL |
Cross-platform |
Active |
Operations research |
Constraint |
Declarative |
Neonate |
OR-Tools CP-SAT |
2020 |
Google stack |
Cloud |
Active |
Logistics |
Query |
Declarative |
Originator |
SQL |
1974 |
Relational |
All OS |
Active |
Databases |
Query |
Declarative |
Titan |
PostgreSQL SQL |
1996 |
Relational |
Server |
Active |
Backend dev |
Query |
Declarative |
Neonate |
EdgeQL |
2020 |
Graph-relational |
Cloud |
Emerging |
Modern DBs |
Dataflow |
Declarative |
Originator |
Lucid |
1974 |
Dataflow root |
Academic |
Inactive |
CS theory |
Dataflow |
Declarative |
Titan |
Apache Beam |
2016 |
Dataflow |
Cloud |
Active |
Big data |
Dataflow |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Substrait |
2021 |
Query IR |
Analytics |
Emerging |
Data engines |
Reactive |
Declarative |
Originator |
Esterel |
1985 |
Reactive theory |
Embedded |
Inactive |
Control systems |
Reactive |
Declarative |
Titan |
ReactiveX |
2010 |
Event streams |
All OS |
Active |
UI systems |
Reactive |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Signals (SolidJS) |
2021 |
Reactive core |
Web |
Emerging |
Frontend |
Probabilistic |
Declarative |
Originator |
BUGS |
1989 |
Statistical |
Academic |
Inactive |
Bayesian stats |
Probabilistic |
Declarative |
Titan |
Stan |
2012 |
Statistical |
All OS |
Active |
Data science |
Probabilistic |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Pyro |
2020 |
Probabilistic Python |
AI stacks |
Active |
ML research |
DSL |
Declarative |
Originator |
AWK |
1977 |
Text DSL |
Unix |
Active |
Text processing |
DSL |
Declarative |
Titan |
Terraform |
2014 |
Infra DSL |
Cloud |
Active |
DevOps |
DSL |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Cue |
2020 |
Config DSL |
Cloud |
Emerging |
Infrastructure |
AI Programming |
Declarative |
Originator |
LISP AI |
1958 |
Lisp-family |
Academic |
Active |
AI research |
AI Programming |
Declarative |
Titan |
Python ML Stack |
2010 |
C-family |
Cloud |
Active |
AI engineering |
AI Programming |
Declarative |
Neonate |
Mojo AI |
2023 |
Python/C hybrid |
AI hardware |
Emerging |
AI systems |