Data

Paradigm Tree Dataset

Paradigm

Trunk

Role

Language

DateStarted

Genealogy

Environment

ActivityStatus

CareerNote

Machine Code

Imperative

Originator

Machine Code

1940

Hardware-native

CPU-specific

Active

Hardware engineering

Machine Code

Imperative

Titan

Microcode

1951

Hardware-native

CPU-specific

Active

Processor design

Machine Code

Imperative

Neonate

RISC-V ASM

2020

ISA-based

Embedded/Linux

Emerging

Open hardware roles

Assembly

Imperative

Originator

Assembly

1949

Machine abstraction

Mainframes

Active

Systems programming

Assembly

Imperative

Titan

x86 Assembly

1978

Intel ISA

Windows/Linux

Active

Reverse engineering

Assembly

Imperative

Neonate

WebAssembly Text

2017

VM-based

Web/Cloud

Emerging

Web performance

Procedural

Imperative

Originator

FORTRAN

1957

Scientific root

All OS

Active

Scientific computing

Procedural

Imperative

Titan

C

1972

C-family

All OS

Active

Systems programming

Procedural

Imperative

Neonate

Mojo

2023

Python/C hybrid

AI hardware

Emerging

AI infrastructure

Structured

Imperative

Originator

ALGOL

1958

Structured root

Academic

Inactive

Historical CS

Structured

Imperative

Titan

Pascal

1970

ALGOL-family

Education OS

Limited

Teaching foundations

Structured

Imperative

Neonate

Odin

2020

C-like

Systems

Emerging

Game engines

Object-Oriented

Imperative

Originator

Smalltalk

1972

OOP root

VM-based

Inactive

CS theory

Object-Oriented

Imperative

Titan

Java

1995

C-family/JVM

All OS

Active

Enterprise systems

Object-Oriented

Imperative

Neonate

Kotlin Multiplatform

2020

JVM-based

Mobile/Web

Active

Mobile dev

Component-Based

Imperative

Originator

COM

1993

Microsoft stack

Windows

Inactive

Legacy enterprise

Component-Based

Imperative

Titan

.NET

2002

C-family

Windows/Linux

Active

Enterprise dev

Component-Based

Imperative

Neonate

Dapr

2020

Cloud-native

Containers

Emerging

Microservices

Event-Driven

Imperative

Originator

Visual Basic

1991

BASIC-family

Windows

Inactive

Legacy apps

Event-Driven

Imperative

Titan

JavaScript

1995

ECMAScript

Web

Active

Web development

Event-Driven

Imperative

Neonate

Bun

2022

JS runtime

Web/Server

Emerging

Backend JS

Concurrent

Imperative

Originator

Ada

1980

Pascal-family

Embedded

Active

Defense systems

Concurrent

Imperative

Titan

Go

2009

C-family

Cloud

Active

Cloud infrastructure

Concurrent

Imperative

Neonate

Redwood

2021

Reactive systems

Distributed

Emerging

Scalable systems

Parallel

Imperative

Originator

OpenMP

1997

C/Fortran-based

HPC

Active

Supercomputing

Parallel

Imperative

Titan

CUDA

2007

NVIDIA stack

GPU

Active

AI computing

Parallel

Imperative

Neonate

Mojo GPU

2024

Mojo ecosystem

AI accelerators

Emerging

AI performance

Scripting

Imperative

Originator

Perl

1987

C-family

Unix

Active

Sysadmin

Scripting

Imperative

Titan

Python

1991

C-family

All OS

Active

Data science

Scripting

Imperative

Neonate

Nushell

2019

Rust-based

CLI

Emerging

DevOps

Functional

Declarative

Originator

Lisp

1958

Lisp-family

All OS

Active

AI research

Functional

Declarative

Titan

Haskell

1990

Functional root

All OS

Active

Finance

Functional

Declarative

Neonate

Roc

2021

Functional-native

Backend

Emerging

Safe systems

Pure Functional

Declarative

Originator

Miranda

1985

Functional

Academic

Inactive

Historical

Pure Functional

Declarative

Titan

Haskell (Pure)

1990

Functional

All OS

Active

Formal systems

Pure Functional

Declarative

Neonate

Granule

2020

Type-theory-based

Research

Emerging

PL research

Logic

Declarative

Originator

Prolog

1972

Logic-based

All OS

Active

AI logic

Logic

Declarative

Titan

Datalog

1980

Logic family

Databases

Active

Query engines

Logic

Declarative

Neonate

Scallop

2021

Logic+Rust

Cloud

Emerging

Data reasoning

Constraint

Declarative

Originator

CLP

1987

Logic-based

Academic

Limited

Optimization

Constraint

Declarative

Titan

MiniZinc

2008

Constraint DSL

Cross-platform

Active

Operations research

Constraint

Declarative

Neonate

OR-Tools CP-SAT

2020

Google stack

Cloud

Active

Logistics

Query

Declarative

Originator

SQL

1974

Relational

All OS

Active

Databases

Query

Declarative

Titan

PostgreSQL SQL

1996

Relational

Server

Active

Backend dev

Query

Declarative

Neonate

EdgeQL

2020

Graph-relational

Cloud

Emerging

Modern DBs

Dataflow

Declarative

Originator

Lucid

1974

Dataflow root

Academic

Inactive

CS theory

Dataflow

Declarative

Titan

Apache Beam

2016

Dataflow

Cloud

Active

Big data

Dataflow

Declarative

Neonate

Substrait

2021

Query IR

Analytics

Emerging

Data engines

Reactive

Declarative

Originator

Esterel

1985

Reactive theory

Embedded

Inactive

Control systems

Reactive

Declarative

Titan

ReactiveX

2010

Event streams

All OS

Active

UI systems

Reactive

Declarative

Neonate

Signals (SolidJS)

2021

Reactive core

Web

Emerging

Frontend

Probabilistic

Declarative

Originator

BUGS

1989

Statistical

Academic

Inactive

Bayesian stats

Probabilistic

Declarative

Titan

Stan

2012

Statistical

All OS

Active

Data science

Probabilistic

Declarative

Neonate

Pyro

2020

Probabilistic Python

AI stacks

Active

ML research

DSL

Declarative

Originator

AWK

1977

Text DSL

Unix

Active

Text processing

DSL

Declarative

Titan

Terraform

2014

Infra DSL

Cloud

Active

DevOps

DSL

Declarative

Neonate

Cue

2020

Config DSL

Cloud

Emerging

Infrastructure

AI Programming

Declarative

Originator

LISP AI

1958

Lisp-family

Academic

Active

AI research

AI Programming

Declarative

Titan

Python ML Stack

2010

C-family

Cloud

Active

AI engineering

AI Programming

Declarative

Neonate

Mojo AI

2023

Python/C hybrid

AI hardware

Emerging

AI systems